An assessment of depression and anxiety prevalence among university students in Kwara State
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Background of the Study
Mental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, have emerged as significant concerns among university students globally. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the prevalence and impact of these mental health conditions on academic performance, social life, and overall well-being. University students, due to the high demands of academic pressure, social adjustment, and career uncertainty, are particularly vulnerable to these mental health challenges (Sulaimon et al., 2023). In Nigeria, mental health issues among students are often underreported due to stigma, lack of awareness, and limited access to mental health services (Alabi et al., 2024).
In Kwara State, where there is a substantial population of university students, the issue of mental health among this group remains underexplored. Early studies have indicated that the prevalence of depression and anxiety is increasing among university students across Nigeria, with factors such as financial stress, relationship issues, and the demands of university life contributing to the mental health burden (Olowe & Adebayo, 2023). In Kwara State, students face specific challenges such as limited mental health support services on campus, socio-economic pressures, and cultural stigma around mental health, which may exacerbate these conditions.
The rising prevalence of mental health issues among university students in Kwara State, if not adequately addressed, could have long-term consequences for students' academic success and overall life outcomes. This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety among university students in Kwara State, identify contributing factors, and suggest interventions to mitigate the impact of these conditions.
Statement of the Problem
Depression and anxiety are among the most common mental health disorders affecting university students, yet the prevalence of these conditions among students in Kwara State remains largely unknown. The lack of comprehensive data on the mental health of students at universities in the state means that the mental health needs of students are often neglected in academic policies and health programs. If untreated, these disorders can negatively affect students' academic performance, relationships, and quality of life. Therefore, there is a need for an in-depth assessment of the prevalence and risk factors associated with depression and anxiety among university students in Kwara State.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety among university students in Kwara State.
2. To identify the socio-demographic and psychological factors associated with depression and anxiety in university students.
3. To recommend strategies for improving mental health support services for students in Kwara State.
Research Questions
1. What is the prevalence of depression and anxiety among university students in Kwara State?
2. What socio-demographic and psychological factors contribute to depression and anxiety among university students in Kwara State?
3. What interventions can be implemented to reduce the prevalence of depression and anxiety among university students in Kwara State?
Research Hypotheses
1. There is a significant prevalence of depression and anxiety among university students in Kwara State.
2. Socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, and socio-economic status are associated with the prevalence of depression and anxiety among university students in Kwara State.
3. University students with limited access to mental health services are more likely to experience depression and anxiety in Kwara State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on university students enrolled at public and private universities in Kwara State. Data will be collected using surveys and screening tools for depression and anxiety, such as the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Limitations may include challenges in reaching all students, potential non-response bias, and the reliance on self-reported data.
Definitions of Terms
• Depression: A mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest or pleasure in activities.
• Anxiety: A mental health condition marked by excessive worry, nervousness, or fear about everyday situations.
• Prevalence: The proportion of individuals in a population who have a particular condition at a specific point in time.
• Mental Health Support Services: Programs or resources aimed at providing psychological care and assistance to individuals experiencing mental health challenges.
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